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Sensor-based sorting
Sensor-based sorting, is an umbrella term for all applications where particles are singularly detected by a sensor technique and rejected by an amplified mechanical, hydraulic or pneumatic process. The technique is generally appliled in the three industries mining, recycling and food processing and used in the particle size range between 0,5mm and 300mm. Since sensor-based sorting is a single particle separation technology, the throughput is proportinal to the average particle size and weight fed onto the machine.
== Functional principle of sensor-based sorting ==
The main subprocesses of sensor-based sorting are material conditioning, material presentation, detection, data processing and separation.〔Kleine, Christopher; Wotruba, Hermann and Robben, Mathilde: ''A new tool for mining engineers - The sensor-based sorter''. Sustainable Development in the Minerals Industry (SDIMI) Conference 2011, Aachen, Germany, ISBN 978-3-86797-119-5〕 Material conditioning includes all operations which prepare the particles for being detected by the sensor. All optical sensors need clean material to be able to detect optical characteristics. Conditioning includes screening and cleaning of the feed material. The aim of the material presentation is the isolation of the particles by creating a single particle layer with the densest surface cover possible without particles touching each other and enough distance to each other allowing for a selective detection and rejection of each single particle.〔Wotruba, Hermann: ''Sensor Sorting Technology - Is the Minerals Industry Missing a Chance?''. Proceedings of XXIII International Minerals Processing Congress, IMPC 2006, Istanbul, Turkey〕 There are two types of sensor-based sorters: the chute type and the belt type. For both types the first step in acceleration is spreading out the particles by a vibrating feeder followed by either a fast belt or a chute. On the belt type the sensor usually detects the particles horizontally while they pass it on the belt. For the chute type the material detection is usually done vertically while the material passes the sensor in a free fall. The data processing is done in real time by a computer. The computer transfers the result of the data processing to an ultra fast ejection unit which, depending on the sorting decision, ejects a particle or lets it pass.〔Kleine, Christopher and Wotruba, Hermann: ''Added value to the mining industry by the integration of sensor based sorting''. Aachen international mining symposia, Mineral Resources and Mine Development, Institute of Mining Engineering I, May 26th and 27th 2010, 411-434〕
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